23考研英语备考 | 必备基础语法(16)-关系代词引导的定语从句

一、构成

Structure

修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词通常分为关系代词和关系副词，其中关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。

二、基本用法

Application

1.关系代词指物时，关系代词用 which 或 that：

Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.

昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。

The house which is by the lake looks nice.

湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

2.关系代词指人时，关系代词用 who/whom.若后面紧跟名词表所属，则用 whose：

The professor (whom) you are waiting for has come.

你正在等的教授已经来了。

That is the teacher who teaches us physics.

那就是教我们物理的老师。

The boy whose clothes is red is my brother.

那个穿红衣的男孩是我的兄弟。

3.以下四种情况只能用that：

(1)当先行词是all,much,little,few等不定代词时：

You should hand in all that you have.

你应该把所有的东西都交上来。

I did nothing that might hurt you.

我没有做任何伤害你的事。

(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词、最高级或先行词有only,the same,the very,the last等词修饰时：

This is the best film that has been shown so far in this city.

这是到目前为止在这个城市放映过的最好的电影。

Chatting is the only thing that interested her most.

聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事情。

(3)当先行词既有指人又有指物的词时：

She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.

她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事。

4)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时：

Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

站在门口的那个人是谁?